Free-Living Nematodes Together With Associated Microbes Play an Essential Role in Apple Replant Disease.
Identifieur interne : 000112 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000111; suivant : 000113Free-Living Nematodes Together With Associated Microbes Play an Essential Role in Apple Replant Disease.
Auteurs : Xorla Kanfra [Allemagne] ; Benye Liu [Allemagne] ; Ludger Beerhues [Allemagne] ; S Ren J. S Rensen [Danemark] ; Holger Heuer [Allemagne]Source :
- Frontiers in plant science [ 1664-462X ] ; 2018.
Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD) is a severe problem in apple production worldwide. It is caused by a complex of soil biota, leading to small discolorated roots, as well as increased biosynthesis of phytoalexins, total phenolic compounds and antioxidants. We sampled soil from randomized field plots with either apple trees affected by ARD, which were five times replanted every second year, or with healthy trees growing in plots, which had a grass cover during this period. We investigated the contribution of nematodes to ARD by dissecting the soil biota from plots infested with ARD and non-infested control plots into a nematode and a microbe fraction. Nematode communities significantly differed between ARD and control soil as revealed by high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA genes. Plant-parasitic nematodes were too low in abundance to explain root damage, and did not significantly differ between ARD and control soil. Their separate and synergistic effect on ARD symptoms of susceptible M26 apple rootstocks was analyzed 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation in three greenhouse experiments. Inoculants were either nematodes from ARD plots (NARD), NARD plus microbes from ARD plots (MARD), NARD plus microbes from control plots (MCon), nematodes from control plots NCon plus MARD, NCon plus MCon, MARD, or MCon, or non-inoculated control. In all three experiments, the combination NARD plus MARD had the strongest adverse effect on the plants, with respect to growth parameters of shoots and roots, total phenolic compounds and phytoalexins in roots, and antioxidants in leaves. NARD also induced ARD but less than NARD plus MARD. NARD plus MCon had delayed effects on the plants compared to NARD plus MARD, suggesting that detrimental nematode-microbe interactions built up with time. Effects of MARD or NCon plus MARD were minor or not distinguishable from those of MCon or non-inoculated control. Overall, the source of the inoculated nematodes -ARD or control soil- and the interaction between ARD nematodes and microbes were highly significant factors determining ARD. In conclusion, exploring the associations of nematodes and microbes in ARD soils will give the chance to unravel the etiology of ARD.
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01666
PubMed: 30505315
PubMed Central: PMC6250840
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S Rensen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heuer, Holger" sort="Heuer, Holger" uniqKey="Heuer H" first="Holger" last="Heuer">Holger Heuer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in plant science</title><idno type="ISSN">1664-462X</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Apple replant disease (ARD) is a severe problem in apple production worldwide. It is caused by a complex of soil biota, leading to small discolorated roots, as well as increased biosynthesis of phytoalexins, total phenolic compounds and antioxidants. We sampled soil from randomized field plots with either apple trees affected by ARD, which were five times replanted every second year, or with healthy trees growing in plots, which had a grass cover during this period. We investigated the contribution of nematodes to ARD by dissecting the soil biota from plots infested with ARD and non-infested control plots into a nematode and a microbe fraction. Nematode communities significantly differed between ARD and control soil as revealed by high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA genes. Plant-parasitic nematodes were too low in abundance to explain root damage, and did not significantly differ between ARD and control soil. Their separate and synergistic effect on ARD symptoms of susceptible M26 apple rootstocks was analyzed 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation in three greenhouse experiments. Inoculants were either nematodes from ARD plots (N<sub>ARD</sub>), N<sub>ARD</sub> plus microbes from ARD plots (M<sub>ARD</sub>), N<sub>ARD</sub> plus microbes from control plots (M<sub>Con</sub>), nematodes from control plots N<sub>Con</sub> plus M<sub>ARD</sub>, N<sub>Con</sub> plus M<sub>Con</sub>, M<sub>ARD</sub>, or M<sub>Con</sub>, or non-inoculated control. In all three experiments, the combination N<sub>ARD</sub> plus M<sub>ARD</sub> had the strongest adverse effect on the plants, with respect to growth parameters of shoots and roots, total phenolic compounds and phytoalexins in roots, and antioxidants in leaves. N<sub>ARD</sub> also induced ARD but less than N<sub>ARD</sub> plus M<sub>ARD</sub>. N<sub>ARD</sub> plus M<sub>Con</sub> had delayed effects on the plants compared to N<sub>ARD</sub> plus M<sub>ARD</sub>, suggesting that detrimental nematode-microbe interactions built up with time. Effects of M<sub>ARD</sub> or N<sub>Con</sub> plus M<sub>ARD</sub> were minor or not distinguishable from those of M<sub>Con</sub> or non-inoculated control. Overall, the source of the inoculated nematodes -ARD or control soil- and the interaction between ARD nematodes and microbes were highly significant factors determining ARD. In conclusion, exploring the associations of nematodes and microbes in ARD soils will give the chance to unravel the etiology of ARD.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">30505315</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>30</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1664-462X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>9</Volume><PubDate><Year>2018</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Frontiers in plant science</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Front Plant Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Free-Living Nematodes Together With Associated Microbes Play an Essential Role in Apple Replant Disease.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1666</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3389/fpls.2018.01666</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Apple replant disease (ARD) is a severe problem in apple production worldwide. It is caused by a complex of soil biota, leading to small discolorated roots, as well as increased biosynthesis of phytoalexins, total phenolic compounds and antioxidants. We sampled soil from randomized field plots with either apple trees affected by ARD, which were five times replanted every second year, or with healthy trees growing in plots, which had a grass cover during this period. We investigated the contribution of nematodes to ARD by dissecting the soil biota from plots infested with ARD and non-infested control plots into a nematode and a microbe fraction. Nematode communities significantly differed between ARD and control soil as revealed by high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA genes. Plant-parasitic nematodes were too low in abundance to explain root damage, and did not significantly differ between ARD and control soil. Their separate and synergistic effect on ARD symptoms of susceptible M26 apple rootstocks was analyzed 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation in three greenhouse experiments. Inoculants were either nematodes from ARD plots (N<sub>ARD</sub>), N<sub>ARD</sub> plus microbes from ARD plots (M<sub>ARD</sub>), N<sub>ARD</sub> plus microbes from control plots (M<sub>Con</sub>), nematodes from control plots N<sub>Con</sub> plus M<sub>ARD</sub>, N<sub>Con</sub> plus M<sub>Con</sub>, M<sub>ARD</sub>, or M<sub>Con</sub>, or non-inoculated control. In all three experiments, the combination N<sub>ARD</sub> plus M<sub>ARD</sub> had the strongest adverse effect on the plants, with respect to growth parameters of shoots and roots, total phenolic compounds and phytoalexins in roots, and antioxidants in leaves. N<sub>ARD</sub> also induced ARD but less than N<sub>ARD</sub> plus M<sub>ARD</sub>. N<sub>ARD</sub> plus M<sub>Con</sub> had delayed effects on the plants compared to N<sub>ARD</sub> plus M<sub>ARD</sub>, suggesting that detrimental nematode-microbe interactions built up with time. Effects of M<sub>ARD</sub> or N<sub>Con</sub> plus M<sub>ARD</sub> were minor or not distinguishable from those of M<sub>Con</sub> or non-inoculated control. Overall, the source of the inoculated nematodes -ARD or control soil- and the interaction between ARD nematodes and microbes were highly significant factors determining ARD. In conclusion, exploring the associations of nematodes and microbes in ARD soils will give the chance to unravel the etiology of ARD.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kanfra</LastName><ForeName>Xorla</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Benye</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Beerhues</LastName><ForeName>Ludger</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sørensen</LastName><ForeName>Søren J</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heuer</LastName><ForeName>Holger</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2018</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>16</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Front Plant Sci</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101568200</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1664-462X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Malus domestica</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">apple replant disease</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">nematode-microbe interaction</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">nematodes</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">phytoalexins</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">soil microbiota</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2018</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2018</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30505315</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3389/fpls.2018.01666</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6250840</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Phytopathology. 1998 Sep;88(9):930-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18944871</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Bioinformatics. 2010 Jan 1;26(1):139-40</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19910308</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Clin Biochem. 2004 Apr;37(4):277-85</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15003729</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Nov 24;58(22):11977-84</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId 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first="Ludger" last="Beerhues">Ludger Beerhues</name><name sortKey="Heuer, Holger" sort="Heuer, Holger" uniqKey="Heuer H" first="Holger" last="Heuer">Holger Heuer</name><name sortKey="Liu, Benye" sort="Liu, Benye" uniqKey="Liu B" first="Benye" last="Liu">Benye Liu</name></country><country name="Danemark"><region name="Hovedstaden"><name sortKey="S Rensen, S Ren J" sort="S Rensen, S Ren J" uniqKey="S Rensen S" first="S Ren J" last="S Rensen">S Ren J. 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